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Present Value of Face Value

Present Value of Face Value

The value today of the principal a bond returns at maturity: the face value discounted at the periodic yield over N × m periods. This is also the price of a zero-coupon bond with the same face and maturity.

When to use: Use to see how much of a bond's price is the return of principal, or to price a principal strip.

Calculator

Formula

PVface=F(1+y/m)NmPV_{\text{face}} = \frac{F}{(1 + y/m)^{Nm}}

Variables

SymbolNameDescriptionUnit
FacePVPV of Face ValuePresent value of the principal repayment$
FFace ValuePar value paid at maturity$
yYieldAnnual yield as a decimal; periodic yield is y/m%
NYears to MaturityYears remaining until the bond maturesyears
mCoupons per YearNumber of coupons paid per year (e.g. 2 for semi-annual)integer

Real-Life Examples

Example 1: Principal Half of a Discount Bond

$1,000 face due in 10 years, discounted at a 6% semi-annual yield.

Given

F = $1,000.00y = 6.0000%N = 10.00 yearsm = 2.00

Step-by-Step

1.Periods = 20, periodic yield = 0.03
2.PV = 1000 / 1.03²⁰ = 1000 × 0.55368
3.PV of face = $553.68
Result:$553.68

Ten years of 6% discounting takes the principal to about 55 cents on the dollar. Add the coupons ($371.94) to reach the bond price of $925.61.

Example 2: Five-Year Principal at 5%

$1,000 face due in 5 years at a 5% semi-annual yield.

Given

F = $1,000.00y = 5.0000%N = 5.00 yearsm = 2.00

Step-by-Step

1.Periods = 10, periodic yield = 0.025
2.PV = 1000 / 1.025¹⁰ = 1000 × 0.78120
3.PV of face = $781.20
Result:$781.20

Shorter maturity and a lower yield leave the principal worth 78% of face today.

Frequently Asked Questions

Yes. A zero-coupon bond is nothing but a face value at maturity, so its price is exactly the present value of that face.