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PV of Annuity Due

Present value of beginning-of-period payments with periodic discounting.

When to use: Use for monthly or quarterly lease/insurance payments due at the start.

Calculator

Formula

PVA=PMT×1(1+km)(n×m)km×(1+km)PVA = PMT \times \frac{1 - \left(1 + \frac{k}{m}\right)^{-(n \times m)}}{\frac{k}{m}} \times \left(1 + \frac{k}{m}\right)

Variables

SymbolNameDescriptionUnit
PVAPresent Value of Annuity DueTotal present value of beginning-of-period payments$
PMTPaymentPeriodic payment amount (paid at start of period)$
kInterest RateNominal annual interest rate%
nNumber of YearsTime period in yearsyears
mCompounding FrequencyCompounding periods per yearinteger

Real-Life Examples

Example 1: Monthly Lease

A car lease costs $450/month due at the start of each month, 5% compounded monthly, 3 years.

Given

PMT = 450k = 0.05n = 3m = 12

Step-by-Step

1.PVA = $450 × [1 - (1 + 0.05/12)^(-36)] / (0.05/12) × (1 + 0.05/12)
2.PVA = $450 × 33.3457 × 1.004167
3.PVA = $450 × 33.4846
4.PVA = $15,068.06
Result:15,077.13

The total present value of the car lease is $15,068.06.

Example 2: Equipment Lease

$800/month equipment lease due at start, 8% monthly compounding, 4 years.

Given

PMT = 800k = 0.08n = 4m = 12

Step-by-Step

1.PVA = $800 × [1 - (1 + 0.08/12)^(-48)] / (0.08/12) × (1 + 0.08/12)
2.PVA = $800 × 40.9619 × 1.006667
3.PVA = $800 × 41.2351
4.PVA = $32,988.10
Result:32,988.10

The equipment lease has a present value of $32,988.10.

Frequently Asked Questions

Enter the monthly payment as PMT, annual rate as k, years as n, and 12 as m. This formula discounts each beginning-of-month payment back to today, giving you the total present cost of the lease.

The capitalized cost is the present value of all lease payments plus any upfront costs. This formula calculates the PV of the payment stream, which is the core component of the capitalized lease cost used in financial reporting.

The periodic version divides the annual rate by m and multiplies years by m to handle sub-annual payment frequencies. The (1 + k/m) multiplier adjusts for beginning-of-period timing within each sub-annual period.