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PV of Perpetuity

Present value of an infinite stream of equal payments with continuous compounding.

When to use: Use in academic continuous-time models for perpetuity valuation.

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Formula

PV=PMTek1PV = \frac{PMT}{e^{k} - 1}

Variables

SymbolNameDescriptionUnit
PVPresent ValueValue of the perpetuity today$
PMTPaymentPeriodic payment amount$
kInterest RateNominal annual rate%

Real-Life Examples

Example 1: Continuous Perpetuity

An investment pays $5,000/year forever. Rate is 6% with continuous compounding. What is it worth?

Given

PMT = 5,000k = 0.06

Step-by-Step

1.PV = $5,000 / (e^(0.06) - 1)
2.PV = $5,000 / (1.0618 - 1)
3.PV = $5,000 / 0.0618
4.PV = $80,849.08
Result:80,858.33

The perpetuity is worth $80,849.08 with continuous compounding.

Example 2: Academic Example

$1,000/year forever at 10% continuous compounding.

Given

PMT = 1,000k = 0.1

Step-by-Step

1.PV = $1,000 / (e^(0.1) - 1)
2.PV = $1,000 / (1.1052 - 1)
3.PV = $1,000 / 0.1052
4.PV = $9,508.42
Result:9,508.42

The perpetuity is worth $9,508.42 with continuous compounding.

Frequently Asked Questions

With continuous compounding, the effective rate per period is e^k - 1 instead of k. Since e^k - 1 > k, the discount rate is higher, making the perpetuity worth slightly less than the annual compounding version. For example, at 6%, the continuous value is about PMT/0.0618 vs. PMT/0.06 for annual.

The term e^k - 1 is the effective annual rate under continuous compounding. For discrete annual payments discounted with continuous compounding, each payment's present value uses e^(-kt), and the infinite geometric sum yields PMT/(e^k - 1).

In academic finance, theoretical modeling, and as a mathematical reference point. In practice, the annual formula PV = PMT/k is more commonly used, and the difference is small at typical interest rates.