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PV of Perpetuity Due

Present value of infinite beginning-of-period payments with continuous compounding.

When to use: Use in academic models when perpetual payments are made at the start of each period with continuous discounting.

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Formula

PV=PMT×ekek1PV = \frac{PMT \times e^{k}}{e^{k} - 1}

Variables

SymbolNameDescriptionUnit
PVPresent ValueValue of the perpetuity due$
PMTPaymentPeriodic payment$
kInterest RateNominal annual rate%

Real-Life Examples

Example 1: Continuous Perpetuity Due

$8,000/year paid at start of year forever, 5% continuous compounding.

Given

PMT = 8,000k = 0.05

Step-by-Step

1.PV = $8,000 × e^(0.05) / (e^(0.05) - 1)
2.PV = $8,000 × 1.0513 / 0.0513
3.PV = $8,410.17 / 0.0513
4.PV = $163,967.04
Result:164,033.33

The perpetuity due is worth $163,967.04 with continuous compounding.

Example 2: Academic Example

$2,000/year at start forever, 8% continuous compounding.

Given

PMT = 2,000k = 0.08

Step-by-Step

1.PV = $2,000 × e^(0.08) / (e^(0.08) - 1)
2.PV = $2,000 × 1.0833 / 0.0833
3.PV = $2,166.57 / 0.0833
4.PV = $26,011.38
Result:26,011.38

The perpetuity due is worth $26,011.38.

Frequently Asked Questions

Multiply the continuous ordinary perpetuity value by e^k to account for each payment being received one period earlier. Equivalently, PV = PMT × e^k / (e^k - 1).

The perpetuity due is worth e^k times the ordinary perpetuity. At 5% continuous, this is about 5.13% more. The first payment is received immediately, which adds significant value over an infinite horizon.

The annual version uses PV = PMT + PMT/k = PMT(1+k)/k, while the continuous version uses PMT × e^k / (e^k - 1). At typical rates, the continuous version gives a slightly lower value because continuous compounding produces a higher effective discount rate.

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